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People with chronic granulomatous disease can develop infections in the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, liver, stomach, intestines, and other areas. It is also possible to develop multiple granulomatous lesions in infected areas. Most people are diagnosed with CGD in childhood, but some people may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
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What is Chronic Granulomatous Disease?
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetic disorder that occurs when one type of white blood cell doesn't work properly. White blood cell activity is one of the body's defenses against infection. Therefore, when infected with this disease, white blood cells cannot protect the body from bacterial and fungal infections.
White blood cells in the blood
Symptoms of Chronic Granulomatosis
Patients with chronic granulomatosis often begin with recurrent infections during childhood. But in some patients, onset is delayed until early adolescence. People with chronic granulomatous disease experience serious bacterial or fungal infections. Infections in the lungs, including pneumonia, are common. People with CGD can develop a serious type of pneumonia after coming into contact with dead leaves, mulch, or hay.
People with chronic granulomas also often experience infections of the skin, liver, stomach and intestines, brain, and eyes. Signs and symptoms associated with infection include:
What is the cause of the disease?
A mutation in one of five genes can cause chronic granulomatosis. People with CGD have inherited a genetic mutation from their parents. Genes that normally produce proteins form enzymes that help the immune system function properly. Enzymes work in white blood cells that help capture and destroy fungi and bacteria to protect you from infection. Enzymes also work in immune cells to help your body recover.
When there is a mutation in one of these genes, the protective proteins are either not made or they are made but they don't work properly.
Some people with chronic granulomatosis do not have one of these gene mutations. In such cases, we often cannot find the cause of the condition.
Risk factors for chronic granulomatous disease
Boys are more likely to have chronic granulomatosis.
Diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease
To diagnose CGD, your doctor will review your family and medical history. Then do a thorough examination. Some tests to diagnose chronic granulomatous include:
Treatment
Treatment for CGD is aimed at helping you avoid infection and keep the condition under control. Treatments may include:
Future treatments
Currently, doctors are still working to find effective and specific treatments for this disease. The methods include:
Chronic granulomatosis (CGD) is a disease that affects the body's immune system function. From there, it can cause infections of many organs of the body. If you have suspicious signs of the disease, see your doctor for the necessary diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment.
Doctor DAO THI THU HUONG
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