Learn about Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, if detected and treated early, will help you improve your quality of life better. Here are the details.
The knee joint is a complex joint that is large and bears the entire load of the body. Because of its complex structure, by many components, and its large range of motion, the knee joint is very susceptible to injury. Each time an injury, often causes damage to many components of the joint.
The meniscus is one of the most important components of the joint and is most susceptible to injury. Meniscus tears are common in traffic accidents, sports injuries… So what is meniscus and how is meniscal damage? Please see the article below.
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I. What is meniscus?
The meniscus is derived from fibroblasts, which separates the lower end of the femur and the upper end of the tibia.
Anatomy – structure of meniscus
Position
Notes: A. posterior horn, B. trunk, C. anterior horn; I. rich vascular zone, II. poor circuit, III. circuitless zone
Based on the nature of blood supply, meniscus is divided into 3 regions:
Distribution of blood supply in meniscus
Biomechanics of meniscus
Knee joints bear 5-6 times your body weight while walking. The force acting on the meniscus varies with posture. 50% of gravity is transmitted through the meniscus in the extended knee position, 85% in the flexed knee position. The knee joint with meniscus has the ability to absorb force and shock 20% higher than the knee joint that has been cut meniscus.
The role of meniscus
The meniscus is a C-shaped fibrous cartilage in the knee that functions as a “cushion”. It has the effect of receiving pressure for impact on the knee. It acts as a soft layer between the bones of the knee joint, supporting the stability of the knee joint when moving.
When we walk, run and jump, our knees will have to absorb tremendous forces. At this time, the cartilage layer also acts as a cushion, absorbing strong shock forces, minimizing excess force that damages the undamaged bone surface. Furthermore, thanks to the meniscus, resources from many directions are distributed widely over the entire knee instead of isolating them.
So in summary, the role of meniscus:
II. Types of damage to meniscus
Type of meniscus injury
Meniscus tears in different ways. Description is based on tear morphology, and tear location.
Types of meniscus damage
Causes and mechanism of meniscus tear
In young people:
In the elderly:
>> Exercise brings many benefits to everyone, especially for the group of patients with musculoskeletal diseases. However, due to pain, fatigue or swelling of the joints, many of us do not exercise, gradually weakening the muscles, stiffness, limitation of movement, and ankylosing spondylitis. Proper exercise can help reduce pain and improve quality of life. Along with SignsSymptomsList learn more about this issue through the article: Exercise with musculoskeletal patients
I II. Manifestations when meniscus is damaged
Symptoms of meniscus tear
When you have a sudden injury, strong activity in the knee joint, you may have the following symptoms:
Common symptoms of a meniscus tear
IV. Diagnosis of meniscus tear
Meniscus tear is often the first diagnosis that comes to mind when a patient is admitted to the hospital with a spontaneous injury to the knee.
Doctor's visit
Diagnostic imaging tools
However, manual examination and medical history alone are not enough. To accurately identify the lesion, the involvement of diagnostic imaging tools is necessary.
The imaging tools commonly used to investigate lesions:
X-ray:
Knee ultrasound:
Diagnostic endoscopy:
MRI images of meniscus lesions
V. Criteria for determining meniscus tear on MRI
This is the best imaging study to detect a meniscus tear. So this section I will write separately, in order to clarify the important role of this method.
The two most important diagnostic criteria for meniscal tears on MRI are when observed:
Regarding the location and type of tear, MRI imaging of meniscus helps to classify the following types:
Horizontal meniscal tear
This is the most common type of tear, accounting for 32% of the medial meniscus. Patients with transverse meniscal tears often do not remember the specific injury. Only go to the doctor because the pain in the knee appears or increases more when walking and exercising.
Therefore, the cause of these cases is often attributed to degenerative disease, especially in patients over 40 years of age without the original knee injury.
Longitudinal meniscus tear
This type of tear shows up on MRI as an elongated tear parallel to the circumference of the cartilage. This is a consequence that is almost always associated with a significant knee injury.
Radial meniscus tear
This is a case of an annular tear, arising from the free edge of a cartilage and extending into the lumen.
The most common site for this type of tear is in the medial meniscus.
This is because the femur that holds the body's center of gravity slides over the edge of the tibia.
Complicated meniscus tear
This type of tear is when the meniscus tear does not follow a neat line but tears a flap, spreading in a plane creating separate flaps of cartilage.
Sometimes a torn meniscus flap may move on its own or may be displaced by the transducer during arthroscopy.
Tear meniscus into cap
The meniscus tear has gone beyond the circumference of the cartilage, forming a loose piece of cartilage that has been displaced from the site of the tear.
The role of knee MRI in this type of tear is important for locating the flap before laparoscopy. It can sometimes be difficult to find the tear because it is displaced during arthroscopy.
If not removed, the torn flap can cause chronic knee pain and jam the knee joint.
BECAUSE. Treatment and recovery after surgery of torn meniscus
>> How long does recovery, treatment and therapy take? When will the patient return to normal activities? With SignsSymptomsList refer to the article: Treatment and recovery of Meniscus tear
The knee is made up of many different parts. Knee injuries caused by accidents at work, traffic or sports can cause damage to meniscus, ligaments, and ends of bones.
All meniscus tears are characterized by pain, swelling, joint deformity, and limited mobility. Therefore, you should see a specialist as soon as you have a knee injury to be able to accurately diagnose the location of the injury. From there, an appropriate treatment plan is proposed.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, if detected and treated early, will help you improve your quality of life better. Here are the details.
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