Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Stomach pain is one of the common medical conditions that often occurs due to an unhealthy lifestyle such as eating at the wrong time, often being stressed by work or it can also be a side effect of the medication process. Castle. When stomach pain develops, it can affect the patient's quality of life a lot. So what drugs should be used to relieve this condition? Let's find out with SignsSymptomsList about this problem according to the article below!

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1. Antacids (antacids)

1.1 What is an antacid?

  • This is one of the popular groups of drugs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
  • As a treatment for indigestion, bloating, heartburn, and heartburn, the drug works by neutralizing stomach acid. In particular, stomach acid is the main cause of reflux and heartburn.
  • Dosage forms of this group of drugs: milk or gel or capsule.
  • However, although it brings quick results, it only focuses on treating symptoms and cutting pain.

1.2 Drugs in this class

1.2.1 Preparations containing magnesium

  • Usually used in cases of increased stomach acid.
  • Symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, heartburn, indigestion ... in cases YES/NO has stomach ulcers and subjects with gastroesophageal reflux .

1.2.2 Preparations containing aluminum

  • The formula contains aluminum hydroxide.
  • Aluminum hydroxide has the role of neutralizing acid in the stomach. Thereby, helping to promote the activity of the digestive system.
  • However, in the process of using the drug may cause nausea, dry mouth, constipation, and may even reduce blood phosphate.
  • Note, do not use the drug on subjects who are allergic to any ingredient in the formula of the drug, people with hypophosphatemia, dehydration, appendicitis, ...

>> See also: What is Phosphalugel (aluminum phosphate)? Things to keep in mind when using

1.2.3 Aluminum and magnesium combination drugs

  • Anti-acid preparations containing magnesium and aluminum at the same time have the ability to relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and constipation.
  • However, its use alone should be limited, especially in those with impaired renal function (increased risk of magnesium and aluminum accumulation).

1.3 What are the side effects of this class of drugs?

  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache.
  • Magnesium can cause diarrhea. To control diarrhea should take a preparation containing magnesium and aluminum at the same time.
  • Aluminum can cause constipation. Therefore, to minimize this situation, you should drink a lot of water, eat a lot of fiber (green vegetables, fruits, ..) combined with exercise and sports.
  • In addition, may reduce blood phosphate levels. Symptoms may include loss of appetite, fatigue, and muscle weakness.
  • Dizziness, even fainting.
  • Some serious conditions to watch out for are: black (tarry) stools, shallow and slow breathing, irregular heartbeat, confusion, deep sleep, painful urination, vomiting that looks like coffee grounds.

1.4 Notes when taking the drug

  • Take the drug 1-3 hours after meals and should be before going to bed.
  • There are many dosage forms, but with the liquid form, the powder will be more effective than the solid form, but the effect is usually shorter.

In addition to the use of medication, the patient should also adjust his/her lifestyle, eating, and resting properly. Specifically:

  • Eat scientifically, full of essential nutrient groups. Prioritize foods that have a good effect on the stomach such as rice, bread, cereals, fruits, green vegetables, etc.
  • Eat small meals, eat many meals and should eat only a little/meal.
  • Always know how to regulate your mood, avoid letting your body in a state of stress.
  • Don't let your stomach get too hungry or too full.
  • Avoid eating foods that are greasy, fried or fast food or foods that are too spicy, too hot because it will easily cause indigestion.

1.5 Some drugs for reference 

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Maalox drug in the treatment of stomach pain.

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Phosphalugel drug in the treatment of stomach pain.

2. Antihistamines (H2)

2.1 What is an H2 antihistamine?

  • Compared to the drug H1 - the first choice in the treatment of allergies, H2 is an option for the treatment of stomach upset.
  • Some typical drugs such as cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine ... are used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal pages and help treat gastroesophageal reflux.
  • Side effects may be encountered when taking the drug: diarrhea, headache, dizziness… However, the drug is considered safe for the majority of users.

2.2 Some H2 antagonists and precautions

  • The first generation of H2 antagonists was cimetidine.
  • The drug works by competitively inhibiting histamine at the H2-receptor of the gastric parietal cells. Thereby, inhibiting the secretion of basal acid (on an empty stomach) day and night of the stomach. And acid secretion is stimulated by other agents (food, histamine, pentagastrin, caffeine and insulin).
  • Long-term use of cimetidine can cause mental disorders (the elderly, people with kidney failure), bradycardia, low blood pressure, a slight increase in liver enzymes, breast enlargement in men.

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Cimetidine Tablet 400mg.

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Ranitidine 150mg.

  • Following cimetidine is ranitidine – a second generation drug.
  • Ranitidine works by a similar mechanism to cimetidine. However, ranitidine inhibits gastric acid secretion 3 to 13 times stronger than cimetidine.
  • Although ranitidine is much more effective than cimetidine, it is safer.
  • The main side effects are headache, dizziness, itching, but when the drug is stopped, it disappears.

Later drugs such as nizatidine (3), famotidine (4) have stronger effects and fewer side effects than cimetidine.

2.3 Conclusion

  • Because the drug inhibits the action of histamine on the H2 receptors of the stomach thereby reducing the acidity of the stomach. 
  • This is a breakthrough in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Although now, there are many drugs available such as PPIs with much higher treatment effectiveness. However, H2 resistance is still relatively safe and inexpensive.

>> You can refer to the article: What you need to know about the stomach medicine Cimetidine

3. Proton pump inhibitors against gastric hypersecretion 

3.1 Characteristics of proton pump inhibitors

  • First, proton pump inhibitors are also known as PPIs.
  • Next, this is a prescription drug. Therefore, do not arbitrarily use drugs to treat stomach pain without a doctor's prescription
  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of drugs whose primary action is to markedly and long-term reduce stomach acid production.
  • In addition, it has the ability to both help prevent and help treat ulcers in the duodenum - stomach.

In most direct trials, PPIs have been shown to be superior to H2 blockers.

3.2. Side effects

  • Short-term, mild and uncommon adverse reactions: headache, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting.
  • Heartburn, heartburn caused by abrupt discontinuation of medication (withdrawal syndrome) but rare.
  • Pseudomembranous colitis due to C. difficile infection .
  • Fracture, increased risk of hip, vertebra or wrist fracture. 
  • Long-term use will decrease the absorption of vitamin B12 , potentially causing secondary anemia.
  • Ionic disturbances in the blood.
  • Risk of kidney damage.

3.3. Some drugs in this group

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Nexium (esomeprazole).

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Omeprazole STADA .

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Prevacid (lansoprazole).

4. Group of drugs to protect the stomach lining

4.1. Sucralfate

  • This is an aluminum salt of disaccharide sulfate, used to treat stomach ulcers.
  • It works by forming a complex with substances such as albumin and fibrinogen of the exudate that adheres to the ulcer. Then, it will form a barrier against the effects of acids, pepsin and bile.
  • In addition, the drug also binds to the normal mucosa of the stomach and duodenum. Therefore, the concentration is much lower than the ulcer site.
  • However, the drug easily causes constipation and inhibits the absorption of phenytonin and tetracycline. Therefore, the drug should not be used in patients with renal impairment.

Summary of drugs to treat stomach pain

Sucrafate drug

4.2. Bismuth subsalicylate

  • The drug has a selective coating affinity for the base of gastric ulcers, but with normal gastric mucosa, this effect is absent.
  • Side effects during use of the drug can make stools or tongue dark or black. Medicines can change tooth color but it is reversible.

Bismuth

  • Of note, the risk of bismuth toxicity may be increased if recommended doses are exceeded (overdose, poisoning, long-term use or in combination with other bismuth-containing compounds). 
  • Therefore, long-term use with this drug is not recommended.

The following article presents about 4 groups of drugs in the treatment of stomach pain , including prescription and non-prescription drugs. In addition, in the article, some typical drugs are mentioned for easy reading. The products in this article are presented for medical purposes only, not for advertising purposes! Read the instructions for use carefully before taking the medicine.